The Board of Education shall act by a majority vote of all of the membership constituting the Board, unless otherwise required by law. (Education Code 35164)
\n\nAn "action" by the Board means: (Government Code 54952.6)
\n\nThe Board may take action in a regular meeting on a subject not listed on the published agenda only when it publicly identifies the item to be acted upon in conjunction with one of the following circumstances: (Government Code 54954.2)
\n\nThe Board shall not take action by secret ballot, whether preliminary or final. (Government Code 54953)
\n\nActions taken by the Board in open session shall be recorded in the Board minutes. (Education Code 35145)
\n\nChallenging Board Actions
\n\nAny demand by the district attorney's office or any interested person to correct a Board action shall be presented to the Board in writing within 90 days of the date when the action was taken. Such demand shall allege a violation of any of the following: (Government Code 54960.1)
\n\nIf the alleged violation concerns action taken in an open session but in violation of Government Code 54954.2 (agenda posting), the written demand must be made within 30 days of the date when the alleged action took place. (Government Code 54960.1)
\n\nAny demand to "cure and correct" an alleged violation shall clearly describe the challenged action and the nature of the alleged violation. (Government Code 54960.1)
\n\nWithin 30 days of receiving the demand, the Board shall cure or correct the challenged action and inform the demanding party in writing of its actions to cure or correct. If the Board decides to not cure or correct the challenged action, the demanding party shall be informed in writing of that decision. (Government Code 54960.1)
\n\nIf the Board takes no action within the 30-day review period, its inaction shall be considered a decision not to cure or correct the action. (Government Code 54960.1)
\n\n\n", "contentText": "The Board of Education shall act by a majority vote of all of the membership constituting the Board, unless otherwise required by law. (Education Code 35164)\n\nAn \"action\" by the Board means: (Government Code 54952.6)\n\n- A collective decision by a majority of the Board members\n\n- A collective commitment or promise by a majority of the members to make a positive or negative decision\n\n- A vote by a majority of the members when sitting as the Board upon a motion, proposal, resolution, order or ordinance\n\nThe Board may take action in a regular meeting on a subject not listed on the published agenda only when it publicly identifies the item to be acted upon in conjunction with one of the following circumstances: (Government Code 54954.2)\n\n- The Board, by majority vote of its members, determines that the action responds to an emergency situation.\n\n- The Board determines, either by a two-thirds majority vote of the members present at the meeting or, if less than two-thirds of the members are present, by a unanimous vote of all members present, that the need to take immediate action came to the district's attention after the posting of the agenda.\n\n- The matter was properly posted for a previous meeting occurring not more than five days earlier and was continued to the meeting at which action is being taken.\n\nThe Board shall not take action by secret ballot, whether preliminary or final. (Government Code 54953)\n\nActions taken by the Board in open session shall be recorded in the Board minutes. (Education Code 35145)\n\nChallenging Board Actions\n\nAny demand by the district attorney's office or any interested person to correct a Board action shall be presented to the Board in writing within 90 days of the date when the action was taken. Such demand shall allege a violation of any of the following: (Government Code 54960.1)\n\n- Government Code 54953, regarding open meeting and teleconferencing\n\n- Government Code 54954.5, regarding closed session item descriptions\n\n- Government Code 54954.6, regarding new or increased tax assessments\n\n- Government Code 54956, regarding special meetings\n\n- Government Code 54956.5, regarding emergency meetings\n\nIf the alleged violation concerns action taken in an open session but in violation of Government Code 54954.2 (agenda posting), the written demand must be made within 30 days of the date when the alleged action took place. (Government Code 54960.1)\n\nAny demand to \"cure and correct\" an alleged violation shall clearly describe the challenged action and the nature of the alleged violation. (Government Code 54960.1)\n\nWithin 30 days of receiving the demand, the Board shall cure or correct the challenged action and inform the demanding party in writing of its actions to cure or correct. If the Board decides to not cure or correct the challenged action, the demanding party shall be informed in writing of that decision. (Government Code 54960.1)\n\nIf the Board takes no action within the 30-day review period, its inaction shall be considered a decision not to cure or correct the action. (Government Code 54960.1)", "footnotes": [ { "type": "State", "references": [ { "code": "Code of Civil Procedure 1245.240", "description": "Eminent domain vote requirements", "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1245.240.&lawCode=CCP" }, { "code": "Code of Civil Procedure 1245.245", "description": "Eminent domain; resolution adopting different use", "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1245.245.&lawCode=CCP" }, { "code": "Code of Civil Procedure 425.16", "description": "Special motion to strike in connection with a public issue", "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=425.16.&lawCode=CCP" }, { "code": "Ed. Code 15266", "description": "School construction bonds", "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=15266.&lawCode=EDC" }, { "code": "Ed. Code 17466", "description": "Declaration of intent to sell or lease real property", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=17466." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 17481", "description": "Lease of property with residence for nondistrict purposes", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=17481." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 17510-17512", "description": "Leasing for production of gas; resolution requiring unanimous vote", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=1.&title=1.&part=10.5.&chapter=4.&article=7." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 17546", "description": "Private sale of personal property", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=17546." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 17556-17561", "description": "Dedication of real property", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=1.&title=1.&part=10.5.&chapter=4.&article=15." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 35140-35149", "description": "Meetings", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=3.&title=2.&part=21.&chapter=2.&article=3." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 35150", "description": "Termination of superintendent", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=35150.&lawCode=EDC" }, { "code": "Ed. Code 35160-35178.4", "description": "Powers and duties", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=3.&title=2.&part=21.&chapter=2.&article=4." }, { "code": "Ed. Code 48660-48661", "description": "Community day schools; establishment and restrictions", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=27.&chapter=4.&article=3." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 53090-53097.5", "description": "Regulation of local agencies by counties and cities", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=1.&article=5." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 53724", "description": "Parcel tax resolution requirements", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=53724." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 53790-53792", "description": "Exceeding the budget", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=4.&article=6." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 53820-53833", "description": "Temporary borrowing", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=4.&article=7." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 53850-53858", "description": "Temporary borrowing", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=4.&article=7.6." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 54230.5", "description": "Disposal of surplus land and receipt of notice of violation", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=54230.5." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 54230.7", "description": "Disposal of surplus land and receipt of notice of violation", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=54230.7." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 54950-54963", "description": "The Ralph M. Brown Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=9.&article=" }, { "code": "Gov. Code 54952.6", "description": "Action taken; definition", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=54952.6." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 54953", "description": "Meetings to be open and public; attendance", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=54953." }, { "code": "Gov. Code 54960-54960.5", "description": "Actions to prevent violations", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=9.&article=" }, { "code": "Gov. Code 65352.2", "description": "Communicating and coordinating of school sites", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=65352.2." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 20110-20118.44", "description": "School district contracts", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=20111." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 20113", "description": "Emergencies; award of contracts without bids", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=20113." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 20114", "description": "Repairs, maintenance, and improvements to district facilities by day labor or force account", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=20114." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 22034", "description": "Uniform Public Construction Cost Accounting Act informal bidding ordinance", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=22034." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 22035", "description": "Repair or replacement of facilities in case of emergency", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=22035." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 22050", "description": "Emergency contracting procedures", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=22050." }, { "code": "Pub. Cont. Code 3400", "description": "Bid specifications", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PCC§ionNum=3400." } ] }, { "type": "Management Resources", "references": [ { "code": "Attorney General Publication", "description": "The Brown Act: Open Meetings for Legislative Bodies, rev. 2003", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/the-brown-act.pdf" }, { "code": "Court Decision", "description": "Bell v. Vista Unified School District (2002) 82 Cal.App.4th 672", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/" }, { "code": "Court Decision", "description": "Boyle v. City of Redondo Beach (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 1109", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/" }, { "code": "Court Decision", "description": "Los Angeles Times Communications LLC v. Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (2003) 112 Cal.App.4th 1313", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/" }, { "code": "Court Decision", "description": "McKee v. Orange Unified School District (2003) 110 Cal.App.4th 1310", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/" }, { "code": "CSBA Publication", "description": "The Brown Act: School Boards and Open Meeting Laws, rev. 2023", "url": "https://www.csba.org/productsandservices/CSBAStore/WebProductDetails.aspx?webproductid=67dc69ec-34e6-e411-80e2-005056b02a09&portalid=#gsc.tab=0" }, { "code": "League of California Cities Publication", "description": "Open and Public IV: A Guide to the Ralph M. Brown Act 2nd Edition, rev. July 2010", "url": "https://www.cacities.org/UploadedFiles/LeagueInternet/86/86f75625-b7df-4fc8-ab60-de577631ef1e.pdf" }, { "code": "Website", "description": "CSBA District and County Office of Education Legal Services", "url": "https://legalservices.csba.org/" }, { "code": "Website", "description": "Institute for Local Government", "url": "http://www.ca-ilg.org" }, { "code": "Website", "description": "California Office of the Attorney General", "url": "http://oag.ca.gov/" }, { "code": "Website", "description": "CSBA", "url": "http://www.csba.org" } ] } ], "crossRefs": [ { "code": "2121", "title": "Superintendent's Contract", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3260", "title": "Fees And Charges", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3260", "title": "Fees And Charges", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3270", "title": "Sale And Disposal Of Books, Equipment And Supplies", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3270", "title": "Sale And Disposal Of Books, Equipment And Supplies", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3280", "title": "Sale Or Lease Of District-Owned Real Property", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3280", "title": "Sale Or Lease Of District-Owned Real Property", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3311", "title": "Bids", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3311", "title": "Bids", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3311.1", "title": "Uniform Public Construction Cost Accounting Procedures", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3311.1", "title": "Uniform Public Construction Cost Accounting Procedures", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "3471", "title": "Parcel Taxes", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "7150", "title": "Site Selection And Development", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "7150", "title": "Site Selection And Development", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "7160", "title": "Charter School Facilities", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "7160", "title": "Charter School Facilities", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "7214", "title": "General Obligation Bonds", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "7214", "title": "General Obligation Bonds", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9000", "title": "Role Of The Board", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9005", "title": "Governance Standards", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9200", "title": "Limits Of Board Member Authority", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9223", "title": "Filling Vacancies", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9260", "title": "Legal Protection", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9310", "title": "Board Policies", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9320", "title": "Meetings And Notices", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9322", "title": "Agenda/Meeting Materials", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9323", "title": "Meeting Conduct", "type": "AR" }, { "code": "9324", "title": "Minutes And Recordings", "type": "AR" } ], "attachments": [] }