{
  "_metadata": {
    "source": "https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/Policy/ViewPolicy.aspx?S=36030397&revid=RVAslshbeulnImpiWNf46e5ow==",
    "scrapedAt": "2026-05-24T20:11:49.868Z",
    "method": "Playwright + Simbli ViewPolicy API scraper"
  },
  "code": "5144.1",
  "title": "Suspension And Expulsion/Due Process",
  "type": "BP",
  "section": "5000",
  "lastRevised": "05/13/2026",
  "lastReviewed": "05/13/2026",
  "hasAttachment": false,
  "revid": "RVAslshbeulnImpiWNf46e5ow==",
  "contentHtml": "<html>\n<head>\n\t<title></title>\n\t<link href=\"https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/ckeditor/plugins/lance/css/annotate.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\">\n\t<link href=\"/ckeditor/plugins/lite/css/lite.css?n=1234671010\" id=\"__lite__css__\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\">\n\t<link href=\"https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/ckeditor/plugins/lite/css/opentip.css\" id=\"__lite_tt_css__\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\">\n\t<link href=\"https://svc.webspellchecker.net/spellcheck31/wscbundle/css/wsc.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\">\n\t<link href=\"https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/ckeditor/plugins/lance/css/annotate.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\">\n\t<link href=\"https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/ckeditor/plugins/lance/css/annotate.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\">\n</head>\n\n<body data-gramm_editor=\"false\" data-wsc-instance=\"true\">\n<p>The Governing Board desires to provide district students access to educational opportunities in an orderly school environment that protects their safety and security, ensures their welfare and well-being, and promotes their learning and development. The Governing Board shall develop rules and regulations setting the standards of behavior expected of district students and the disciplinary processes and procedures for addressing violations of those standards, including suspension and/or expulsion.<br>\n<br>\nThe grounds for suspension and expulsion and the procedures for considering, recommending, and/or implementing suspension and expulsion shall be only those specified in law, in this policy, and in the accompanying administrative regulation.<br>\n<br>\nExcept when otherwise permitted by law, a student may be suspended or expelled only when the behavior is related to a school activity or school attendance occurring within any district school or another school district, regardless of when it occurs, including, but not limited to, the following: (Education Code 48900(s))</p>\n\n<ol>\n\t<li style=\"margin-top:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">While on school grounds<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">While going to or coming from school<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">During the lunch period, whether on or off the school campus<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin-bottom:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">During, going to, or coming from a school-sponsored activity</span></li>\n</ol>\nOff campus behavior may result in discipline when it disrupts district programs and activities or as otherwise prohibited by law, Board policy, or administrative regulation.<br>\n<br>\nDistrict staff shall enforce the rules concerning suspension and expulsion of students fairly, consistently, equally, and in accordance with the district&#39;s nondiscrimination policies.<br>\n<br>\n<strong>Appropriate Use of Suspension Authority</strong><br>\n<br>\nExcept when a student&#39;s act violates Education Code 48900(a)-(e), as listed in Items #1-5 under &quot;Grounds for Suspension and Expulsion: Grades K-8 of the accompanying administrative regulation, or when the student&#39;s presence causes a danger to others, suspension shall be used only when other means of correction have failed to bring about proper conduct.&nbsp; (Education Code 48900.5, 48900.6)<br>\n<br>\nA student&#39;s parents/guardians shall be notified as soon as possible when there is an escalating pattern of misbehavior that could lead to on-campus or off-campus suspension.<br>\n<br>\nNo student may be suspended for disruption or willful defiance, except by a teacher pursuant to Education Code 48910.&nbsp; (Education Code 48900)<br>\n<br>\nStudents shall not be suspended or expelled based solely on a student&#39;s truancy, tardiness, or absenteeism from assigned school activities.&nbsp; (Education Code 48900)<br>\n<br>\n<strong>On-Campus Suspension</strong><br>\n<br>\nTo ensure the proper supervision and ongoing learning of students who are suspended for any of the reasons enumerated in Education Code 48900 and 48900.2, but who pose no imminent danger or threat to anyone at school and for whom expulsion proceedings have not been initiated, the Superintendent or designee shall establish a supervised suspension classroom program which meets the requirements of law.<br>\n<br>\nExcept where a supervised suspension is permitted by law for a student&#39;s first offense, supervised suspension shall be imposed only when other means of correction have failed to bring about proper conduct.&nbsp; (Education Code 48900.5)<br>\n<br>\n<strong>Authority to Expel</strong><br>\n<br>\nA student may be expelled only by the Governing Board.&nbsp; (Education Code 48918(j))<br>\n<br>\nAs required by law, the Superintendent or principal shall recommend expulsion and the Governing Board shall expel any student found to have committed any of the following &quot;mandatory recommendation and mandatory expulsion&quot; acts at school or at a school activity off school grounds:&nbsp; (Education Code 48915)\n<ol>\n\t<li style=\"margin-top:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">Possessing a firearm which is not an imitation firearm, as verified by a certificated employee, unless the student had obtained prior written permission to possess the item from a certificated school employee, with the principal or designee&#39;s concurrence<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">Selling or otherwise furnishing a firearm<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">Brandishing a knife at another person<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">Unlawfully selling a controlled substance listed in Health and Safety Code 11053-11058<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">Committing or attempting to commit a sexual assault as defined in Penal Code 261, 266c, 286, 287, 288, or 289, or former 288a, or committing a sexual battery as defined in Penal Code 243.4<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin-bottom:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">Possessing an explosive as defined in 18 USC 921</span></li>\n</ol>\nFor all other violations listed in the accompanying administrative regulation, the Superintendent or principal shall have the discretion to recommend expulsion of a student. If expulsion is recommended, the Governing Board shall order the student expelled only if it makes a finding of either or both of the following:&nbsp; (Education Code 48915(b) and (e))\n\n<ol>\n\t<li style=\"margin-top:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">That other means of correction are not feasible or have repeatedly failed to bring about proper conduct<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin-bottom:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">That due to the nature of the violation, the presence of the student causes a continuing danger to the physical safety of the student or others</span></li>\n</ol>\nA vote to expel a student shall be taken in an open session of a Board meeting.&nbsp; (Education Code 48918(j))<br>\n<br>\nThe Governing Board may vote to suspend the enforcement of the expulsion order pursuant to the requirements of law and the accompanying administrative regulation.&nbsp; (Education Code 48917)<br>\n<br>\nNo student shall be expelled for disruption or willful defiance.&nbsp; (Education Code 48900)<br>\n<br>\nNo child enrolled in a preschool program shall be expelled or unenrolled except under limited circumstances in accordance with Education Code 8489.1 and as specified in Administrative Regulation 5148.3 - Preschool/Early Childhood Education.<br>\n<br>\n<strong>Due Process</strong><br>\n<br>\nThe Governing Board shall provide for the fair and equitable treatment of students facing suspension and/or expulsion by affording the students due process rights under the law. The Superintendent or designee shall comply with procedures for notices, hearings, and appeals as specified in law and administrative regulation.&nbsp; (Education Code 48911, 48915, 48915.5, 48918)<br>\n<br>\n<strong>Plan for Rehabilitation</strong><br>\n<br>\nAt the time of the expulsion order, the Governing Board shall recommend a plan for the student&#39;s rehabilitation, in accordance with the accompanying administrative regulation.<br>\n<br>\n<strong>Maintenance and Monitoring of Outcome Data</strong><br>\n<br>\nThe Superintendent or designee shall maintain outcome data related to student suspensions and expulsions , including, but not limited to:&nbsp; (Education Code 48900.8, 48916.1)\n<ol>\n\t<li style=\"margin-top:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">The number of students recommended for expulsion<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">The grounds for each recommended expulsion<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">The actions taken by the&nbsp; Governing Board, including whether the student was subsequently expelled and whether the expulsion order was suspended<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">The types of referral made after each expulsion<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">The disposition of the students after the expulsion period, including the completion of a rehabilitation plan or the successful readmission of the student, or both<br>\n\t&nbsp;</span></li>\n\t<li style=\"margin-bottom:11.0pt; margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt\"><span style=\"background-color:white\">The average length of expulsion terms, including any extensions</span></li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>For any expulsion that involves the possession of a firearm, such data shall include the name of the school and the type of firearm involved, as required pursuant to 20 USC 7961. Suspension and expulsion data shall be reported to the Board at least annually and to the California Department of Education when so required.<br>\n<br>\nIn presenting the report to the Governing Board, the Superintendent or designee shall disaggregate data on suspensions and expulsions by school and by numerically significant student subgroups, including, but not limited to, ethnic subgroups, socioeconomically disadvantaged students, English learners, long-term English learners, students with disabilities, foster youth, and students experiencing homelessness. Based on the data, the Governing Board shall address any identified disparities in the imposition of student discipline and shall determine whether and how the district is meeting its goals for improving school climate as specified in its local control and accountability plan, which may include monitoring intervention effectiveness.</p>\n</body>\n</html>\n",
  "contentText": "The Governing Board desires to provide district students access to educational opportunities in an orderly school environment that protects their safety and security, ensures their welfare and well-being, and promotes their learning and development. The Governing Board shall develop rules and regulations setting the standards of behavior expected of district students and the disciplinary processes and procedures for addressing violations of those standards, including suspension and/or expulsion.\n\nThe grounds for suspension and expulsion and the procedures for considering, recommending, and/or implementing suspension and expulsion shall be only those specified in law, in this policy, and in the accompanying administrative regulation.\n\nExcept when otherwise permitted by law, a student may be suspended or expelled only when the behavior is related to a school activity or school attendance occurring within any district school or another school district, regardless of when it occurs, including, but not limited to, the following: (Education Code 48900(s))\n\n\tWhile on school grounds\n\n\tWhile going to or coming from school\n\n\tDuring the lunch period, whether on or off the school campus\n\n\tDuring, going to, or coming from a school-sponsored activity\n\nOff campus behavior may result in discipline when it disrupts district programs and activities or as otherwise prohibited by law, Board policy, or administrative regulation.\n\nDistrict staff shall enforce the rules concerning suspension and expulsion of students fairly, consistently, equally, and in accordance with the district's nondiscrimination policies.\n\nAppropriate Use of Suspension Authority\n\nExcept when a student's act violates Education Code 48900(a)-(e), as listed in Items #1-5 under \"Grounds for Suspension and Expulsion: Grades K-8 of the accompanying administrative regulation, or when the student's presence causes a danger to others, suspension shall be used only when other means of correction have failed to bring about proper conduct.  (Education Code 48900.5, 48900.6)\n\nA student's parents/guardians shall be notified as soon as possible when there is an escalating pattern of misbehavior that could lead to on-campus or off-campus suspension.\n\nNo student may be suspended for disruption or willful defiance, except by a teacher pursuant to Education Code 48910.  (Education Code 48900)\n\nStudents shall not be suspended or expelled based solely on a student's truancy, tardiness, or absenteeism from assigned school activities.  (Education Code 48900)\n\nOn-Campus Suspension\n\nTo ensure the proper supervision and ongoing learning of students who are suspended for any of the reasons enumerated in Education Code 48900 and 48900.2, but who pose no imminent danger or threat to anyone at school and for whom expulsion proceedings have not been initiated, the Superintendent or designee shall establish a supervised suspension classroom program which meets the requirements of law.\n\nExcept where a supervised suspension is permitted by law for a student's first offense, supervised suspension shall be imposed only when other means of correction have failed to bring about proper conduct.  (Education Code 48900.5)\n\nAuthority to Expel\n\nA student may be expelled only by the Governing Board.  (Education Code 48918(j))\n\nAs required by law, the Superintendent or principal shall recommend expulsion and the Governing Board shall expel any student found to have committed any of the following \"mandatory recommendation and mandatory expulsion\" acts at school or at a school activity off school grounds:  (Education Code 48915)\n\n\tPossessing a firearm which is not an imitation firearm, as verified by a certificated employee, unless the student had obtained prior written permission to possess the item from a certificated school employee, with the principal or designee's concurrence\n\n\tSelling or otherwise furnishing a firearm\n\n\tBrandishing a knife at another person\n\n\tUnlawfully selling a controlled substance listed in Health and Safety Code 11053-11058\n\n\tCommitting or attempting to commit a sexual assault as defined in Penal Code 261, 266c, 286, 287, 288, or 289, or former 288a, or committing a sexual battery as defined in Penal Code 243.4\n\n\tPossessing an explosive as defined in 18 USC 921\n\nFor all other violations listed in the accompanying administrative regulation, the Superintendent or principal shall have the discretion to recommend expulsion of a student. If expulsion is recommended, the Governing Board shall order the student expelled only if it makes a finding of either or both of the following:  (Education Code 48915(b) and (e))\n\n\tThat other means of correction are not feasible or have repeatedly failed to bring about proper conduct\n\n\tThat due to the nature of the violation, the presence of the student causes a continuing danger to the physical safety of the student or others\n\nA vote to expel a student shall be taken in an open session of a Board meeting.  (Education Code 48918(j))\n\nThe Governing Board may vote to suspend the enforcement of the expulsion order pursuant to the requirements of law and the accompanying administrative regulation.  (Education Code 48917)\n\nNo student shall be expelled for disruption or willful defiance.  (Education Code 48900)\n\nNo child enrolled in a preschool program shall be expelled or unenrolled except under limited circumstances in accordance with Education Code 8489.1 and as specified in Administrative Regulation 5148.3 - Preschool/Early Childhood Education.\n\nDue Process\n\nThe Governing Board shall provide for the fair and equitable treatment of students facing suspension and/or expulsion by affording the students due process rights under the law. The Superintendent or designee shall comply with procedures for notices, hearings, and appeals as specified in law and administrative regulation.  (Education Code 48911, 48915, 48915.5, 48918)\n\nPlan for Rehabilitation\n\nAt the time of the expulsion order, the Governing Board shall recommend a plan for the student's rehabilitation, in accordance with the accompanying administrative regulation.\n\nMaintenance and Monitoring of Outcome Data\n\nThe Superintendent or designee shall maintain outcome data related to student suspensions and expulsions , including, but not limited to:  (Education Code 48900.8, 48916.1)\n\n\tThe number of students recommended for expulsion\n\n\tThe grounds for each recommended expulsion\n\n\tThe actions taken by the  Governing Board, including whether the student was subsequently expelled and whether the expulsion order was suspended\n\n\tThe types of referral made after each expulsion\n\n\tThe disposition of the students after the expulsion period, including the completion of a rehabilitation plan or the successful readmission of the student, or both\n\n\tThe average length of expulsion terms, including any extensions\n\nFor any expulsion that involves the possession of a firearm, such data shall include the name of the school and the type of firearm involved, as required pursuant to 20 USC 7961. Suspension and expulsion data shall be reported to the Board at least annually and to the California Department of Education when so required.\n\nIn presenting the report to the Governing Board, the Superintendent or designee shall disaggregate data on suspensions and expulsions by school and by numerically significant student subgroups, including, but not limited to, ethnic subgroups, socioeconomically disadvantaged students, English learners, long-term English learners, students with disabilities, foster youth, and students experiencing homelessness. Based on the data, the Governing Board shall address any identified disparities in the imposition of student discipline and shall determine whether and how the district is meeting its goals for improving school climate as specified in its local control and accountability plan, which may include monitoring intervention effectiveness.",
  "footnotes": [
    {
      "type": "State",
      "references": [
        {
          "code": "Civ. Code 47",
          "description": "Privileged communication",
          "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=47.&lawCode=CIV"
        },
        {
          "code": "Civ. Code 48.8",
          "description": "Defamation liability",
          "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=48.8.&lawCode=CIV"
        },
        {
          "code": "Code of Civil Procedure 1985-1997",
          "description": "Production of evidence; means of production",
          "url": "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1985.&lawCode=CCP"
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 17292.5",
          "description": "Program for expelled students; facilities",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=17292.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 1981-1983",
          "description": "Enrollment of students in community school",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=1.&title=1.&part=2.&chapter=6.5.&article="
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 212.5",
          "description": "Sexual harassment",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=212.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 233",
          "description": "Hate violence",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=233."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 32260-32262",
          "description": "Interagency School Safety Demonstration Act of 1985",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=1.&title=1.&part=19.&chapter=2.5.&article=1."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 35012",
          "description": "Board members; number, election, and terms",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=35012."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 35145",
          "description": "Open board meetings",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=35145."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 35146",
          "description": "Closed sessions regarding suspensions",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=35146."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 35291",
          "description": "Rules for government and discipline of schools",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=35291."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 35291.5",
          "description": "Rules and procedures on school discipline",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=35291.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 48645.5",
          "description": "Former juvenile court school students; enrollment",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=48645.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 48660-48666",
          "description": "Community day schools",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=27.&chapter=4.&article=3."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 48853-48853.5",
          "description": "Foster youth",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=27.&chapter=5.5.&article="
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 48900-48927",
          "description": "Suspension and expulsion",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=27.&chapter=6.&article=1."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 48950",
          "description": "Speech and other communication",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=48950."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 48980",
          "description": "Parent/Guardian notifications",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=48980."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 49073-49079",
          "description": "Privacy of student records",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=27.&chapter=6.5.&article=5."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 52052",
          "description": "Numerically significant student subgroups",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&sectionNum=52052."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 52060-52077",
          "description": "Local control and accountability plan",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=28.&chapter=6.1.&article=4.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 64000-64001",
          "description": "Consolidated application",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=EDC&division=&title=2.&part=&chapter=&article=&nodetreepath=2"
        },
        {
          "code": "Ed. Code 8489-8489.1",
          "description": "Prohibition against expulsion of preschool student",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=1.&title=1.&part=6.&chapter=2.&article=24.&op_statues=2022&op_chapter=915&op_section=4"
        },
        {
          "code": "Gov. Code 11455.20",
          "description": "Informal hearing procedures",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sectionNum=11455.20."
        },
        {
          "code": "Gov. Code 54950-54963",
          "description": "The Ralph M. Brown Act",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=2.&title=5.&part=1.&chapter=9.&article="
        },
        {
          "code": "H&S Code 11014.5",
          "description": "Drug paraphernalia",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=11014.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "H&S Code 11053-11059",
          "description": "Controlled substances; standards and schedules",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&division=10.&title=&part=&chapter=2.&article="
        },
        {
          "code": "Lab. Code 230.7",
          "description": "Employee time off to appear in school on behalf of a child",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=230.7."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 240",
          "description": "Assault defined",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=240."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 241.2",
          "description": "Assault fines",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=241.2."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 242",
          "description": "Battery defined",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=242."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 243.2",
          "description": "Battery on school property",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=243.2."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 243.4",
          "description": "Sexual battery",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=243.4."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 245",
          "description": "Assault with deadly weapon",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=245."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 245.6",
          "description": "Hazing",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=245.6."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 261",
          "description": "Rape defined",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=261."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 266c",
          "description": "Unlawful sexual intercourse",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=266c."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 286",
          "description": "Sodomy defined",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=286."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 287",
          "description": "Oral Copulation",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=287."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 288",
          "description": "Lewd or lascivious acts with child under age 14",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=288."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 289",
          "description": "Penetration of genital or anal openings",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=289."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 31",
          "description": "Principal of a crime; defined",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=31."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 417.27",
          "description": "Laser pointers",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=417.27."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 422.55",
          "description": "Definition of hate crime",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=422.55."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 422.6",
          "description": "Crimes; harassment",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=422.6."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 422.7",
          "description": "Aggravating factors for punishment",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=422.7."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 422.75",
          "description": "Enhanced penalties for hate crimes",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=422.75."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 626.10",
          "description": "Dirks, daggers, knives, razors, or stun guns",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=626.10."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 626.2",
          "description": "Entry upon campus after written notice of suspension or dismissal without permission",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=626.2."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 626.9",
          "description": "Gun-Free School Zone Act of 1995",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=626.9."
        },
        {
          "code": "Pen. Code 868.5",
          "description": "Supporting person; attendance during testimony of witness",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=868.5."
        },
        {
          "code": "W&I Code 224.1",
          "description": "Indian child; definition",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=224.1."
        },
        {
          "code": "W&I Code 729.6",
          "description": "Counseling",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=729.6."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Federal",
      "references": [
        {
          "code": "18 USC 921",
          "description": "Definitions; firearms and ammunition",
          "url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:18%20section:921%20edition:prelim)%20OR%20(granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section921)&f=treesort&edition=prelim&num=0&jumpTo=true"
        },
        {
          "code": "20 USC 1415(K)",
          "description": "Students with disabilities; placement in alternative educational setting",
          "url": ""
        },
        {
          "code": "20 USC 7961",
          "description": "Gun-Free Schools Act",
          "url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:20%20section:7961%20edition:prelim)%20OR%20(granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7961)&f=treesort&edition=prelim&num=0&jumpTo=true"
        },
        {
          "code": "34 CFR 106.1-106.82",
          "description": "Nondiscrimination on the basis of sex in education programs or activities",
          "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-34/subtitle-B/chapter-I/part-106"
        },
        {
          "code": "42 USC 11431-11435",
          "description": "Education of homeless children and youths",
          "url": ""
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Management Resources",
      "references": [
        {
          "code": "Attorney General Opinion",
          "description": "80 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 348 (1997)",
          "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/opinions"
        },
        {
          "code": "Attorney General Opinion",
          "description": "80 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 85 (1997)",
          "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/opinions"
        },
        {
          "code": "Attorney General Opinion",
          "description": "80 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 91 (1997)",
          "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/opinions"
        },
        {
          "code": "Attorney General Opinion",
          "description": "84 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 146 (2001)",
          "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/opinions"
        },
        {
          "code": "California Department of Education Publication",
          "description": "Update Regarding School Discipline Policies, May 2025",
          "url": "https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/fa/yr25cosoltr0501.asp"
        },
        {
          "code": "Court Decision",
          "description": "Board of Education of Sacramento City Unified School District v. Sacramento County Board of Education and Kenneth H.  (2001) 85 Cal.App.4th 1321",
          "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/"
        },
        {
          "code": "Court Decision",
          "description": "Fremont Union High School District v. Santa Clara County Board (1991) 235 Cal. App. 3d 1182",
          "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/"
        },
        {
          "code": "Court Decision",
          "description": "Garcia v. Los Angeles Board of Education (1981) 123 Cal. App. 3d 807",
          "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/"
        },
        {
          "code": "Court Decision",
          "description": "John A. v. San Bernardino School District (1982) 33 Cal. 3d 301",
          "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/"
        },
        {
          "code": "Court Decision",
          "description": "T.H. v. San Diego Unified School District (2004) 122 Cal. App. 4th 1267",
          "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/"
        },
        {
          "code": "Court Decision",
          "description": "Woodbury v. Dempsey (2003) 108 Cal. App. 4th 421",
          "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/CACourts/"
        },
        {
          "code": "U.S. DOE Publication",
          "description": "School Climate and Student Discipline Resources",
          "url": "https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/school-discipline/index.html"
        },
        {
          "code": "U.S. DOE Publication",
          "description": "Guiding Principles for Creating Safe, Inclusive, Supportive, and Fair School Climates, March 2023",
          "url": "https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/school-discipline/guiding-principles.pdf"
        },
        {
          "code": "Website",
          "description": "CSBA District and County Office of Education Legal Services",
          "url": "https://legalservices.csba.org/"
        },
        {
          "code": "Website",
          "description": "U.S. Department of Education, Office of Safe and Healthy Students",
          "url": "https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oese/oshs"
        },
        {
          "code": "Website",
          "description": "California Attorney General's Office",
          "url": "http://oag.ca.gov"
        },
        {
          "code": "Website",
          "description": "California Department of Education",
          "url": "http://www.cde.ca.gov"
        },
        {
          "code": "Website",
          "description": "CSBA",
          "url": "http://www.csba.org"
        },
        {
          "code": "Website",
          "description": "U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights",
          "url": "http://www2.ed.gov/ocr"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "crossRefs": [
    {
      "code": "0450",
      "title": "Comprehensive Safety Plan",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "0450",
      "title": "Comprehensive Safety Plan",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "0460",
      "title": "Local Control And Accountability Plan",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "0460",
      "title": "Local Control And Accountability Plan",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "1114",
      "title": "District-Sponsored Social Media",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "1114",
      "title": "District-Sponsored Social Media",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "1114-E PDF(1)",
      "title": "District-Sponsored Social Media",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "1312.3",
      "title": "Uniform Complaint Procedures",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "1312.3",
      "title": "Uniform Complaint Procedures",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "1313",
      "title": "Civility",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3513.3",
      "title": "Tobacco-Free Schools",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3513.3",
      "title": "Tobacco-Free Schools",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3513.4",
      "title": "Drug And Alcohol Free Schools",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3515",
      "title": "Campus Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3515",
      "title": "Campus Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3515.21",
      "title": "Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Drones)",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3515.4",
      "title": "Recovery For Property Loss Or Damage",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3515.4",
      "title": "Recovery For Property Loss Or Damage",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "3516.2",
      "title": "Bomb Threats",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "4158",
      "title": "Employee Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "4158",
      "title": "Employee Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "4258",
      "title": "Employee Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "4258",
      "title": "Employee Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "4358",
      "title": "Employee Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "4358",
      "title": "Employee Security",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5000",
      "title": "Concepts And Roles",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5112.1",
      "title": "Exemptions From Attendance",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5112.1",
      "title": "Exemptions From Attendance",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5112.5",
      "title": "Open/Closed Campus",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5113",
      "title": "Absences And Excuses",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5113",
      "title": "Absences And Excuses",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5113.1",
      "title": "Chronic Absence And Truancy",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5113.1",
      "title": "Chronic Absence And Truancy",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5116.2",
      "title": "Involuntary Student Transfers",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5117",
      "title": "Interdistrict Attendance",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5119",
      "title": "Students Expelled From Other Districts",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5125",
      "title": "Student Records",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5125",
      "title": "Student Records",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5125.2",
      "title": "Withholding Grades, Diploma Or Transcripts",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131",
      "title": "Conduct",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.1",
      "title": "Bus Conduct",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.1",
      "title": "Bus Conduct",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.2",
      "title": "Bullying",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.2",
      "title": "Bullying",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.4",
      "title": "Student Disturbances",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.4",
      "title": "Student Disturbances",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.6",
      "title": "Alcohol And Other Drugs",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.6",
      "title": "Alcohol And Other Drugs",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.62",
      "title": "Tobacco",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.62",
      "title": "Tobacco",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.7",
      "title": "Weapons And Dangerous Instruments",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5131.7",
      "title": "Weapons And Dangerous Instruments",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5137",
      "title": "Positive School Climate",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5138",
      "title": "Conflict Resolution/Peer Mediation",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5142",
      "title": "Safety",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5142",
      "title": "Safety",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5144",
      "title": "Discipline",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5144",
      "title": "Discipline",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5144.2",
      "title": "Suspension And Expulsion/Due Process (Students With Disabilities)",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5144.4",
      "title": "Required Parental Attendance",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.12",
      "title": "Search And Seizure",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.2",
      "title": "Freedom Of Speech/Expression",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.2",
      "title": "Freedom Of Speech/Expression",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.3",
      "title": "Nondiscrimination/Harassment",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.3",
      "title": "Nondiscrimination/Harassment",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.6",
      "title": "Parent/Guardian Notifications",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.6-E PDF(1)",
      "title": "Parent/Guardian Notifications",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.7",
      "title": "Sexual Harassment",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.7",
      "title": "Sexual Harassment",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5145.9",
      "title": "Hate-Motivated Behavior",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5148.3",
      "title": "Preschool/Early Childhood Education",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "5148.3",
      "title": "Preschool/Early Childhood Education",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6145",
      "title": "Extracurricular And Cocurricular Activities",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6145",
      "title": "Extracurricular And Cocurricular Activities",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6145.5",
      "title": "Student Organizations And Equal Access",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6145.5",
      "title": "Student Organizations And Equal Access",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6145.8",
      "title": "Assemblies And Special Events",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6153",
      "title": "School-Sponsored Trips",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6153",
      "title": "School-Sponsored Trips",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6154",
      "title": "Homework/Makeup Work",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6158",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6158",
      "title": "Independent Study",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6161.2",
      "title": "Damaged Or Lost Instructional Materials",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6163.4",
      "title": "Student Use Of Technology",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6163.4",
      "title": "Student Use Of Technology",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6163.4-E PDF(1)",
      "title": "Student Use Of Technology",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6164.6",
      "title": "Identification And Education Under Section 504",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6164.6",
      "title": "Identification And Education Under Section 504",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6173",
      "title": "Education For Homeless Children",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6173",
      "title": "Education For Homeless Children",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6173-E PDF(1)",
      "title": "Education For Homeless Children",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6173.1",
      "title": "Education For Foster Youth",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6173.1",
      "title": "Education For Foster Youth",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6184",
      "title": "Continuation Education",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "6184",
      "title": "Continuation Education",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "9000",
      "title": "Role Of The Board",
      "type": "AR"
    },
    {
      "code": "9322",
      "title": "Agenda/Meeting Materials",
      "type": "AR"
    }
  ],
  "attachments": []
}
